Astrological Yoga, Karana, and Tithi Calculation Process (For Beginners)*
In Vedic Astrology (Jyotish), the Panchang plays a crucial role in determining the auspiciousness of any day. It consists of five elements: Tithi, Karana, Yoga, Nakshatra, and Vaar (weekday).These elements influence the quality of time and are used for making predictions, Muhurta selection, and analyzing birth charts.
Here’s a step-by-step guide to calculating *Tithi, Karana, and Yoga* manually.
1. Tithi Calculation (Lunar Day)*
What is Tithi?*
- A Tithi is the time it takes for the Moon to gain 12° of angular distance from the Sun.
- There are 30 Tithis in a lunar month, divided into:
- Shukla Paksha (Waxing Moon): 15 Tithis from New Moon to Full Moon.
- Krishna Paksha (Waning Moon):15 Tithis from Full Moon to New Moon.
Tithi Formula:*
\[
\text{Tithi} = \frac{\text{Moon's Longitude} - \text{Sun's Longitude}}{12}
\]
- *If the result is ≤ 15:* It's *Shukla Paksha.*
- *If > 15:* Subtract 15 to get the *Krishna Paksha Tithi.*
Example Calculation:*
- Moon's Longitude:* 130°
- Sun's Longitude:* 110°
*Step 1:*
\[
130° - 110° = 20°
\]
*Step 2:*
\[
\frac{20°}{12} = 1.66
\]
This means the Tithi is Shukla Dwitiya (2nd Tithi) because it's between 1–2.
2. Karana Calculation (Half Tithi)*
What is Karana?*
- A Karana is half of a Tithi (6° of Moon-Sun separation).
- There are 11 Karanas:
- Fixed (4): Shakuni, Chatushpad, Naga, Kimstughna
- Movable (7): Bava, Balava, Kaulava, Taitila, Garaja, Vanija, Vishti (Bhadra)
Karana Formula:
\[
\text{Karana} = \frac{\text{Moon's Longitude} - \text{Sun's Longitude}}{6}
\]
Example Calculation:*
Using the earlier example:
- *Moon - Sun = 20°*
- *Karana:*
\[
\frac{20°}{6} = 3.33
\]
Since 3.33 falls in the 4th Karana, it corresponds to Taitila Karana (based on the sequence).
3. Yoga Calculation*
What is Yoga?*
- A Yoga is formed by the combined longitudes of the Sun and Moon.
- There are 27 Yogas, each spanning 13°20′ (or 800 minutes).
Yoga Formula:
\[
\text{Yoga} = \frac{\text{Moon's Longitude} + \text{Sun's Longitude}}{13°20'}
\]
(Note: 13°20' = 13.333... degrees)
Example Calculation:*
- Moon's Longitude: 130°
- Sun's Longitude: 110°
Step 1:
\[
130° + 110° = 240°
\]
Step 2:
\[
\frac{240°}{13.333} ≈ 18
\]
This falls under the *18th Yoga, which is **Vyatipata Yoga*.
---
Summary of the Example
- *Tithi:* Shukla Dwitiya (2nd Tithi)
- *Karana:* Taitila
- *Yoga:* Vyatipata
4. Importance of Tithi, Karana, and Yoga*
- *Tithi:* Indicates emotional and mental states, suitable for specific rituals.
- *Karana:* Influences the success of tasks and events.
- *Yoga:* Determines general prosperity, luck, and auspiciousness.
Quick Reference Tables*
Tithi Names (1–15):*
| *Tithi* | *Name* |
|:---------:|:-----------------|
| 1 | Pratipada |
| 2 | Dwitiya |
| 3 | Tritiya |
| ... | ... |
| 15 | Purnima/Amavasya |
Karana Sequence:*
| *Karana* | *Type* |
|:--------------|:-----------|
| Bava | Movable |
| Balava | Movable |
| Kaulava | Movable |
| Taitila | Movable |
| Garaja | Movable |
| Vanija | Movable |
| Vishti (Bhadra) | Movable |
| Shakuni | Fixed |
| Chatushpad | Fixed |
| Naga | Fixed |
| Kimstughna | Fixed |
Yoga Names (1–27):*
| *No.* | *Yoga* |
|:-------:|:------------|
| 1 | Vishkambha |
| 2 | Priti |
| ... | ... |
| 18 | Vyatipata |
| 27 | Vaidhriti |
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